Assessment of the Mediterranean Diet Adequacy Index of a collective of young cyclists.

OBJECTIVE: To assess, the degree of adequacy to Mediterranean Diet (MD), by young cyclists team, and its comparison with the one of young Spanish males of the "enKID study". BACKGROUND: Now days it has been observed that, the abandoning of the MD, together with sedentary lifestyle, provokes a rapid increase of obesity among the Spanish youth. The progressive abandoning of the MD was firstly evident, in longitudinal studies of the "seven counties", involving active rural populations in Italy. METHODS: The Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI), is computed by dividing the sum of the percentage of total energy from typical Mediterranean food Groups (Cereals, Legumes, Fruits, Fish), by the sum of the percentage of total energy from non-typical Mediterranean food groups (Meats, Eggs, Cookies, industrial dishes). The collective under the study was 45 young cyclists in the area of Madrid, and homologous young Spanish males of the "enKID study". RESULTS: The average value of MAI of the collective of male cyclists was 2,31(modest value); and the MAI of homologous young males of the "enKID study" is 1.51 (low value). The MAI in Italy several decades ago was 7.2 (very good), when the adequacy to the MD was high; Those results demonstrate that unfortunately the Spanish young people are abandoning the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Around 20% of the cyclists have almost null adequacy to the MD, as their MAI was 1.08 (very low value). The quality of the diet Index(DQI) of the cyclists team was 67 over 100, which means that their diet was "good, but it needs to be improved". The lipid profile (measured by the cocient of intake of MUFA and PUFA divided by SFA) of the cyclists team was 1,71 (lower than the recommended value which should be > 2), quite similar to the cocient of homologous young males of the enKID study Diet which was 1,69. This illustrates the poor lipid profile of young people diets. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Spanish youth are abandoning the traditional MD. Therefore there is an urgent need to organize Educational campaigns among the youth, their parents, teachers, and coaches in order to reverse this situation, in order to recover the healthy MD lifestyle. The adherence tot the traditional MD (rich in vegetable, fruits, fish, nuts, and olive oil), together with prhysical activity, contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and obesity.

[Therapeutic effect of mitomycin C in the immediate postoperative period in patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors]. / Efecto terapéutico de mitomicina C en el postoperatorio inmediato de pacientes con tumores vesicales no músculo invasores de riesgo intermedio.

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 70-85% of transitional bladder cell carcinomas are non-muscle-invasive. After an initial surgery, around 60-90% will have a recurrence, being the highest risk period the first two years. Urothelium instability could be the main reason for recurrence in mid grade tumours, reason why a single dose of a chemotherapy after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) might be insufficient. That is why a deferred therapy in occasions associated with maintenance is recommended. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, controlled and randomized study was performed. We included non-muscle-invasive mid risk bladder tumours. All patients had initially a TURB performed and were randomized to receive a single dose of mitomycin C (MMC), in the immediate postoperative period. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were included. Mean follow-up was 22, 70 +/- 8, 15 months. MMC was administered to 53 patients. Of these 66, 0% had no recurrence and 34.0% had a non-muscle-invasive recurrence. Of the 52 patients in the non MMC group, 53.8% had no recurrence and 44.2% had a non-muscle-invasive recurrence and only 1 patient had a muscle-invasive progression. We did not find significantly differences in time to recurrence in mid risk tumours when using immediate postoperative single dose of MMC or deferred therapy. There was only one case of myelosuppression. DISCUSSION: In mid risk non-muscle-invasive tumors, some studies suggest that early intravesical instillation of chemotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence after TURB. We could not show significantly differences when comparing postoperatorive MMC versus traditional deferred instillations.

Efecto terapéutico de Mitomicina C en el postoperatorio inmediato de pacientes con tumores vesicales no músculo invasores de riesgo intermedio / Therapeutic effect of mitomycin C in the immediate postoperative period in patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors

Introducción: Aproximadamente del 70-85% de los carcinomas de células transicionales de vejiga no invaden la muscular propia. La recidiva después de la cirugía se cifra en un 60-90% de pacientes, siendo el periodo de alto riesgo los dos primeros años. La causa fundamental de recidiva en tumores de riesgo intermedio podría ser la inestabilidad del urotelio, por lo que la instilación única de un quimioterápico después de la RTU podría considerarse insuficiente, recomendándose un tratamiento diferido asociado con mantenimiento en algunos casos. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, controlado y randomizado. Sólo se incluyeron pacientes con tumores vesicales no músculo-invasores de grado intermedio. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos inicialmente a RTU y posteriormente randomizados para recibir Mitomicina C (MMC) postoperatoria en dosis única. Resultados: Se incluyeron 105 pacientes. La media de seguimiento fue de 22,70±8,15 meses. Se administró MMC en 53pacientes, de los cuales el 66% no recidivó y el 34% lo hicieron como tumor vesical no invasor. De los 52 pacientes que no recibieron MMC, el 53,8% no recidivaron, el 44,2% recidivaron como tumor no invasor y sólo un caso recurrió como tumor invasor.En cuanto al tiempo libre de enfermedad, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los que se empleó MMC postoperatoriao tratamiento diferido. Sólo existió un caso de mielosupresión. Discusión: En tumores no músculo invasores de medio riesgo, diversos estudios sugieren que una instilación intravesical inmediata de un quimioterápico disminuye el riesgo de recidiva después de la RTU. No hemos logrado demostrar diferencias significativas al comparar la MMC postoperatoria frente a las instilaciones diferidas tradicionales (AU)

Introduction: Approximately 70-85% of transitional bladder cell carcinomas are non-muscle-invasive. After an initial surgery, around 60-90% will have a recurrence, being the highest risk period the first two years. Urothelium instability could be the main reason for recurrence in mid grade tumours, reason why a single dose of a chemotherapy after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) might be insufficient. That is why a deferred therapy in occasions associated with maintenance is recommended. Patients and methods: A prospective, controlled and randomized study was performed. We included non-muscle-invasive midrisk bladder tumours. All patients had initially a TURB performed and were randomized to receive a single dose of mitomycin C (MMC), in the immediate postoperative period. Results: A total of 105 patients were included. Mean follow-up was 22, 70±8, 15 months. MMC was administered to 53patients. Of these 66, 0% had no recurrence and 34,0% had a non-muscle-invasive recurrence. Of the 52 patients in the non MMC group, 53,8% had no recurrence and 44,2% had a non-muscle-invasive recurrence and only 1 patient had a muscle invasive progression. We did not find significantly differences in time to recurrence in mid risk tumours when using immediate postoperative single dose of MMC or deferred therapy. There was only one case of myelosuppression. Discussion: In mid risk non-muscle-invasive tumors, some studies suggest that early intravesical instillation of chemotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence after TURB. We could not show significantly differences when comparing postoperatorive MMC versus traditional deferred instillations (AU)

Metástasis ovárica de carcinoma de células renales primario / Ovarian metastasis of a primary renal cell carcinoma

Objetivo: Presentar un caso de metástasis ovárica secundaria a un carcinoma de células claras renal. Método/Resultados: Mujer de 52 años que consultó por metrorragias siendo inicialmente diagnosticada de carcinoma primario de ovario. En los estudios de extensión se informa de masa renal sugestiva de metástasis ovárica. La intervención quirúrgica consistió en histerectomía con doble anexectomía y nefrectomía radical. El diagnóstico final fue de carcinoma de células claras renal con metástasis ovárica. Conclusión: Las metástasis tumorales en el ovario presentan un problema diagnóstico en su interpretación, especialmente cuando las metástasis presentan una histología similar al primario de ovario. Debido a las implicaciones terapéuticas y pronósticas es muy importante diferenciar si se trata de un tumor ovárico primario o un metástasis de un carcinoma renal (AU)

Objective: We report one case of ovarian metastasis secondary to a renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods/Results: 52-year-old consulting for metrorrhagia with the initial diagnosis of primary ovarian carcinoma. Tumor dissemination work up tests reported a renal mass suggestive of ovarian metastasis. Surgery included hysterectomy, double annexectomy, and radical nephrectomy. Final diagnosis was renal clear cell carcinoma with ovarian metastasis. Conclusions: Metastases to the ovary pose a diagnostic problem in their interpretation, especially when they show a similar histology to the primary ovarian tumor. Due to therapeutic and prognostic implications, it is very important to differentiate if it is a primary ovarian tumor or a metastasis from a renal carcinoma (AU)

Seguridad del ácido zoledrómico en el control del dolor en el estadio M1b del cáncer de próstata / Use of zolwdromic acid on pain control in stage M1b of prostate cancer

Objetivos: Valorar el uso del ácido zoledrómico en el control del dolor de las metástasis óseas en el cáncer de próstata, así como estudiar su seguridad y efectos secundarios. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio 37 pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados de cáncer de próstata con metástasis óseas entre los años 2005 y 2006 a los que se administró una dosis de 4 mg de Zometa(R) mensual durante una media de 10,24 meses, recogiéndose unos datos según un protocolo establecido. Resultados: En cuanto al control del dolor, observamos como en 8 de los 20 pacientes a los que se les administró Zometa(R), el control fue absoluto, en 6 de estos se consiguió un control parcialmente bueno (permitiendo una buena actividad diaria), en 4 el control fue parcialmente malo (empeorando su calidad de vida), mientras que 2 pacientes presentaron mal control del dolor. Respecto a los efectos adversos del Zometa(R), no observamos ningún efecto secundario en ninguno de nuestros pacientes ni durante la inyección del fármaco ni posteriormente, si bien en 2 pacientes se suspendió el tratamiento por su mal estado general. Conclusiones: El futuro de este tratamiento reside en saber si la administración precoz de este fármaco puede prevenir o retrasar la aparición de las metástasis, (merced a su actividad antitumoral demostrada), no sólo en las debidas al cáncer de próstata si no también a metástasis óseas secundarias a otros tumores genito-urinarios

Objectives: To probe the use of Zoledromic acid in the control of the pain due to bone methastasis of a prostate cancer. Material and method: We included in our study 37 consecutive patients diagnosed of prostate cancer who developed bone methastasis during 2005 and 2006 to whom we gave a 4 mg dose of Zoledromic acid during a mean time of 10.24 months. Results: We observed a complete control of the pain in 8 of the 20 patients, and partially in 6 of those patients. We did not evaluate any adverse reaction due to this treatment. Conclusions: We still yet to know whether the administration of this treatment in the early stages of the prostate cancer could prevent or retard the appearance of bone methastasis

Unbalanced intake of fats and minerals associated with hypertension risk in young cyclists.

UNLABELLED: The objective of the present work was to determine whether the young cyclists follows the optimal fats and minerals intake, based on the recommended dietary guidelines. The appropriate intake of fats, fibre, and minerals (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium) in their diets; may reduce the risk to develop hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, in the long-term. The correct rehydration is essential in cycling during summer. METHODS: Nutrients intake questionnaire of 7 consecutive days, applied to 34 young cyclists. The evaluation results are compared with the enKid study of Spanish young people. The diet has been evaluated at the beginning of the cyclist season. The cyclists belong to the cyclist club Enypesa Lambea (http://www.echozas.com). RESULTS: A percentage of cyclists in the present study, consum excessive quantities of cholesterol (94% of cyclists), saturated fats (74%), and Sodium (47%); while they do not consume the recommended quantities of unsaturated fats (100%); fibre (67%), calcium (29%), magnesium (10%) and potassium (44%). Similar pattern is found in the homologous Spanish young people of the enKID study. CONCLUSION: This work contributes to the knowledge of the diets followed by very active young people. Their diets show nutritional unbalances; therefore the need to educate the cyclists, their parents and coaches, to follow diets based on the Mediterranean diet; rich in vegetable, fruits, fish, nuts, and olive oil, in order to increase the intake of MUFA, PUFA and minerals, that will protect them against possible risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The excesive intake of macronutrients: does it influence the sports performances of young cyclists?

UNLABELLED: The purpose was to determine whether 34 young Spanish males belonging to a cyclist team, follows the optimal macronutrients intake based on the recommended dietary guidelines. The deficits in nutrition jeopardise the sportive performances, but what about the diets with excessive intake of macronutrients? Furthermore, is there an association between their sports achievements and the psychological profile? Surely, but the problem is to determine which psychological variables are involved. METHOD: Nutritional evaluation based on Nutrients intake questionnaire of 7 consecutive days. RESULTS: Cyclists consume an excessive quantity of proteins and lipids in their diets. The average consumption of proteins is 16,36% of their caloric intake (the recommended quantity is less than 10%). The average consumption of fats is 38,71% (the recommended is less than 30%). The same tendency is found in the homologous Spanish young people of the enKID study, where the percentage of energy from fat and saturated fat is much higher than the recommended one. The cyclists consume insufficient quantities of carbohydrates (average is 44, 94% of their caloric intake, the recommended is more than 60%), therefore the reload of their glycogen stores may not be complete on each competition stage. No association has been found between the excessive intake of referred macronutrients and the achieved sports performances. CONCLUSION: This work contributes to the knowledge of the diets of very active young cyclists. Excessive intake of proteins and fats do not jeopardise their sportive performances. The commonly studied psychological variables in sport, are not determinant of sports achievements of young cyclists; additional work is needed to determine the psychological profile playing a determinant role in success of young cyclists.

[Use of zoledromic acid on pain control in stages M1b of prostate cancer]. / Seguridad del ácido zoledrómico en el control del dolor en el estadio M1b del cáncer de próstata.

OBJECTIVES: To probe the use of Zoledromic acid in the control of the pain due to bone methastasis of a prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We included in our study 37 consecutive patients diagnosed of prostate cancer who developed bone methastasis during 2005 and 2006 to whom we gave a 4 mg dose of Zoledromic acid during a mean time of 10.24 months. RESULTS: We observed a complete control of the pain in 8 of the 20 patients, and partially in 6 of those patients. We did not evaluate any adverse reaction due to this treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We still yet to know whether the administration of this treatment in the early stages of the prostate cancer could prevent or retard the appearance of bone methastasis.

[Primary psoas abscess due to Streptococcus pneumoniae]. / Absceso primario de psoas por Streptococo pneumoniae.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To report to the literature a new case of primary psoas abscess. METHODS: The patient is a 65 years old woman who suffered back and left hip pain for approximately 1 month. A CTA showed a retroperitoneal mass that involved the left Psoas. It was drained 1800 cc of purulent fluid infected by Streptococo pneumoniae. RESULTS: In a CTA made 21 days after drainage, showed a very small residual collection. CONCLUSIONS: Primary Psoas Abscess are a very rare entity, with a low rate of mortatility if well treated.

Absceso primario de Psoas por Streptococo pneumoniae / Primary psoas abscess due to streptococo pneumoniae

Introducción y objetivos: Aportar a la literatura un nuevo caso de absceso primario de Psoas, con afectación también del Cuadrado Lumbar. Métodos: La paciente es una mujer de 65 años que consultó por dolor en fosa renal izquierda y en cadera izquierda de 1 mes de evolución. En TAC se objetivó la presencia de una masa retroperitoneal con componente quístico que infiltraba el Músculo Psoas y el Músculo Cuadrado Lumbar. Se drenó obteniéndose 1800 cc de material purulento, aislándose en él un Streptotococo pneumoniae. Resultados: En TAC de control 21 días después de su drenaje, presentaba una mínima colección en pelvis menor. Conclusión: Los Abscesos primarios de Psoas son una entidad poco frecuente y con una baja tasa de mortalidad si se realiza un tratamiento adecuado

Introduction and objectives: To report to the literature a new case of primary psoas abscess. Methods: The patient is a 65 years old woman who suffered back and left hip pain for approximately 1 month. A CTA showed a retroperitoneal mass that involved the left Psoas. It was drained 1800 cc of purulent fluid infected by Streptococo pneumoniae. Results: In a CTA made 21 days after drainage, showed a very small residual collection. Conclusions: Primary Psoas Abscess are a very rare entity, with a low rate of mortatility if well treated